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Sydney is the heart of New South Wales and the state’s capital. A bustling center for industry and business and a major world port, it boasts 3.5 million inhabitants. Spreading over some 670 square miles, the city seems to stretch as far as the eye can see to the west, north and south. Where Sydney’s metropolitan area ends, the wide open bush of New South Wales begins.

Sydney is located roughly the same distance from the equator as San Diego, California, and enjoys an equally superb sunny climate. Its beautiful harbor is studded with bays and inlets and crowned by the billowing sails of the incomparable Opera House.

In 1770, Captain James Cook sailed the Endeavor into Botany Bay, claiming the east coast of the island continent for England and naming it New South Wales. The timing was perfect as England was seeking a suitable venue for a penal colony. On May 13, 1787, Captain Arthur Phillip was dispatched to this new destination with some 1,000 convicts.

Today this international metropolis has long outgrown the stigma of its convict origins. Its harbor is undoubtedly the key to Sydney’s splendor. It gives the city a pronounced maritime character and immense vitality. The city is divided into Sydney proper on one side of the harbor and North Sydney on the other; the famous Harbour Bridge spans the bay linking these two metropolitan areas.

Like many of the world’s major cities, Sydney is a contrast of old and new. Soaring glass and steel skyscrapers and the dramatic Opera House are offset by interesting historical buildings. Where Captain Arthur Phillip and his convicts set foot on the shores of Sydney Cove in 1788, there is now a beautifully restored area, called The Rocks. Within minutes you can walk from the quay to the Opera House and Harbour Bridge and to one of Sydney’s best viewing spots, the 48-story Australia Square Tower, where you can survey the entire city in a convenient orientation course.

Shopping The best shopping area is along George and Pitt Streets; opals, Ken Done designs and Australian fashions are among the more popular items. Some of the finest souvenirs can be found in the Aboriginal arts and crafts galleries and weekend flea markets. The local currency is the Australian dollar.

Cuisine There are heavy Mediterranean influences in Australasian cooking. Spices and techniques from Southeast Asia are also incorporated. Some say that the food in Sydney ranks among the best in the world. Mingle with the locals in an Aussie-style pub and sample an Australian meat pie. The Rocks area, near the pier, features a selection of fine restaurants and rustic pubs.

Other Sights

Cadman’s Cottage -- This is the oldest surviving house in Australia.

Royal Botanical Gardens -- Established in 1816, the gardens boast a magnificent collection of South Pacific plant life. There is an aboriginal plant trail. One corner of the gardens features a stone wall marking the site of the convict colony’s first vegetable patch.

Art Gallery of New South Wales -- Only a short walk from the center, the art gallery has an excellent permanent display of Australian, European, Japanese and tribal art.

Other Options -- Harbor cruises and helicopter flightseeing are great ways to enjoy fine views of Sydney.

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